The Pakistan Premier Energy Consultant Zahid Mozafar said at a round table held on Tuesday which theme is that the enterprises to participate in the development of efficient hybrid energy structure, in order to develop the national alternative energy resources to alleviate the power crisis in the country, plans to switch 20000 households electricity system to the hybrid solar inverter system. He pointed out that Pakistan’s domestic natural gas production is 4 billion cubic feet per day, the gap between the domestic demand of about 8 billion cubic feet. The establishment of Pakistan’s first liquefied natural gas station has to help to increased the power supply to Pakistan agricultural fertilizer and textile industry, the country will also build more liquefied natural gas station in the next two years, to overcome the problem of energy shortage. He called on enterprises to develop a large number of domestic hydropower, coal, wind power and other alternative energy resources to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. He suggested that companies set up solar plants to meet the country’s energy needs, but also to sell surplus electricity to the national grid, to obtain substantial profits.
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To reduce the cost and increase the benefit is the key factor for solar inverter manufacturer to occupy the market, in consideration of market competition, subsidies decline, overcapacity, and the goal of parity transformation of conventional energy, all above is pushing solar energy industry to reduce the cost and increase the benefit.
How much room for price cuts? In order to achieve the goal of solar parity on power grid, there must be room for price cuts, especially the solar components accounted for nearly half of the system investment, but also to accelerate to reduce the cost and increase the benefit. While the solar inverter as the key component of the solar power generation equipment and power grid, but the fastest price reduction .
In the solar power plant fault, the fault caused by the quality of equipment accounted for 50%, of which the solar inverter is the highest, which is the facts need solar inverter companies pay attention to.
If simply reduce the solar inverter investment costs, it can not rule out a number of small businesses replace cheaper components. Poor quality components will cause inverter shutdown, eve cause fire. Therefore, reduce the cost and increase the benefit of the solar energy inverter must rely on technological innovation.
The concept of modular uninterruptible power supply, originated from the requirements of the customer to simplify the maintenance of the system, hoping to not affect the critical business in the case of failure, can restore the system with simple replacement operation. Modular UPS manufacturers naturally design the UPS parallel system into a modular structure, which is the source of decentralized bypass program.
The advantage of the distributed bypass scheme is that the control is simple and easy to develop, only need to transplant the original UPS parallel system is and optimize the monitoring section; the cost of cabinet is low; bypass devices because of small capacity, the cost is relatively low; static bypass has multiple redundancy.
The centralized bypass scheme is a technical route developed after the distributed bypass, and compared with the traditional UPS parallel system, has made a very big change from the current sharing control, system coordination, fault-tolerant parallel logic, almost be a new technology in the field, difficult to development.
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Modular type UPS is a high power UPS system which divided into several sub modules in parallel, controlled by the optimized system, realize the system online expansion and maintenance, and greatly improve the system reliability, availability and energy saving effect, reduce the maintenance cost, in recent years has gradually become the mainstream choice for customers.
1.Decentralized bypass structure
Decentralized bypass structure, that is, each power module contains rectifier, inverter and battery conversion and other parts, but also with the same capacity of the power module static bypass, can be considered as a UPS with no liquid crystal monitor. A plurality of modules are connected in parallel in the cabinet to form a system, and the relation between the modules is similar to the traditional multi parallel UPS system. When the system is switched to the bypass power supply, the load is connected in parallel by all the power modules.
2.Centralized bypass structure
Centralized bypass structure, with only one centralized bypass module which capacity is equal to the system, power module contains only consist of rectifier and inverter and battery converter circuit, each part by independent controller, parallel module is no longer the traditional parallel UPS system, but contains complex inverter current, bypass control and monitoring logic.
System voltage is also called the rated operating voltage, refers to the solar power system DC operating voltage, voltage is generally 12V and 24V, medium and large power controller can be 48V, 110V, 220V
2.Maximum charge current
The maximum charge current is the maximum current output of solar cell components or square, according to the size of the power is divided into 5a 6a 8a 10a 12a 15a 20a 30a 40a 50a 70a 100a 150a 200a 250a 300a and other specifications. Some factory instead of the maximum power of the solar cell components to express this, indirectly reflects the maximum charging current.
3.Solar array input channels
Small power solar controller is usually a single input, while high power solar mppt charge controller is composed of solar cell array multiple input, general high power solar controller can enter the 6 channels, the most accessible 12 channels, 18 channels.
4.Circuit loss
Circuit loss is also one of the main technical parameters, is also called the no-load loss (quiescent current) or the maximum self consumption current. In order to reduce the loss of controller and improve the conversion efficiency of solar power, the circuit loss should be as low as possible. The maximum circuit loss of the controller shall not exceed 1% or 0.4W of the rated current, generally is 5~20ma.
5.Overcharge protection voltage of battery
The battery overcharge protection voltage is also called full disconnection or overvoltage shutdown voltage, can according to the needs and different types of batteries, set in 14.1~14.5v (12V), 28.2~29v (24V) and 56.4~58v (48V), the typical value is 14.4V, 28.8v and 57.6v. Battery charging protection shutdown recovery voltage is generally set to: 13.1~13.4v (12V), 26.2~26.8v (24V) and 52.4~53.6v (48V), the typical value is 13.2v, 26.4V and 52.8v.
6.Over discharge protection voltage of battery
Over discharge protection voltage of battery is also called undervoltage disconnect or undervoltage shutdown voltage, generally can according to the needs and different types of batteries, set in 10.8~11.4v (12V), 21.6~22.8v (24V) and 43.2.~45.6v (48V), the typical value is 11.1v, 22.2v and 44.4v. The battery over discharge protection shutdown recovery voltage is generally set to: 12.1~12.6v (12V), 24.2~25.2v (24V) and 48.4~50.4v (48V), the typical value is 12.4V, 24.8v and 49.6v.
7.Battery floating charge voltage
Battery floating charge voltage is 13.7v (12V), 27.4v (24V), and 54.8 (48V).
8.Temperature compensation
The controller generally has the function of temperature compensation, in order to adapt to different working environment temperature, battery charging voltage setting is more reasonable, the temperature compensation coefficient of the solar MPPT controller should meet the requirements of the development of battery technology, the temperature compensation value is generally -20~-40mv/oc.
9.Working environment temperature
The use of the solar controller or the working environment temperature range varies with the manufacturer generally between -20~+50oc.
