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There are currently three technical routes. First, space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) is used to reduce the loss. Secondly, silicon carbide materials are used to reduce the internal resistance of power devices. Third, three-level, five-level multi-level electrical topology and soft switching technology are adopted to reduce the voltage at both ends of power devices and the switching frequency of power devices.

1.Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM)

SVPWM is a fully digital control method, which has the advantages of high utilization rate of DC voltage and easy control. It is widely used in inverters. With high utilization of DC voltage, lower DC bus voltage can be used under the same output voltage, which reduces the voltage stress of power switching devices, reduces the switching losses on devices, and improves the conversion efficiency of inverters to a certain extent. In space vector synthesis, there are many combinations of vector sequences. Through different combinations and sorting, the effect of reducing switching times of power devices can be achieved, which can further reduce the switching losses of power devices of solar inverters.

2.Components Using Silicon Carbide Material

The impedance per unit area of silicon carbide devices is only one percent of that of silicon devices. IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) and other power devices made of silicon carbide can reduce the on-state impedance to one tenth of the conventional silicon devices. The silicon carbide technology can effectively reduce the reverse recovery current of the diode, thus reducing the switching loss on the power devices and the current capacity required for the main switch. Therefore, using silicon carbide diode as the reverse diode of the main switch is the way to improve the efficiency of the inverter. Compared with traditional fast recovery silicon reverse parallel diodes, the reverse recovery current of silicon carbide reverse parallel diodes decreases significantly, and the total conversion efficiency can be improved by 1%. After using fast IGBT, the switching speed is accelerated and the conversion efficiency of the whole machine can be improved by 2%. The efficiency of the inverter will be further improved when the SiC reverse-parallel diode is combined with the fast IGBT.

3.Soft Switching and Multilevel Technology

Soft switching technology makes use of resonance principle to make the current or voltage in switching devices change according to sinusoidal or quasi-sinusoidal law, and turn off the devices when the current crosses zero naturally. When the voltage naturally crosses zero, turn on the device. Thus the switching loss is reduced, and the problems of inductive switching and capacitive switching are greatly solved. When the voltage at both ends of the switch or the current flowing through the switch is zero, the switch is turned on or off, so there is no switching loss in the switch. Three-level inverters are mainly used in high voltage and high power applications. Compared with the traditional two-level structure, the output of three-level inverters increases zero level, and the voltage stress of power devices decreases by half. Because of this advantage, under the same switching frequency, three-level inverters can adopt smaller output filter inductance than two-level inverters, and the inductance loss, cost and volume can be effectively reduced. Under the same output harmonic content, three-level inverters can adopt lower switching frequency, lower switching loss and higher conversion efficiency than two-level inverters.

REVO-E 3-5kW Hybrid Solar Energy Storage Inverters

1. PV and utility power take the load at same time ( can setting ).
2. Output power factor PF=1.0
3. On/Off grid with energy storage.
4. AC charging and AC output time setting.
5. Charging voltage and charging current timing.
6. External Wi-Fi device optional.
7. Connected with battery optional.
8. Wide PV input range 120-450VDC.
9. MAX PV Array Power 4500W.

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We know that the input voltage range of 12V power supply server motherboard is usually 5% positive and negative difference. If we adopt the structure of 12V bus + 12V battery BBU, it is difficult to achieve this voltage allowable range. Especially at high currents that may be as high as 23,000 amperes, the voltage drop at impedance of 1 milliohm is as high as 2 or 3 volts, and the voltage drop of copper exhaust is much higher than the voltage range of 5% or about 0.6 V. If the voltage drop is controlled by current sharing among multiple power outlets and buses, in addition to the cost and space mentioned above, additional DC/DC voltage stabilization circuit is needed to ensure the voltage reduction caused by BBU discharge. The total cost of this DC/DC voltage regulator circuit will be very high, which will also lead to the overall uneconomical system. In 48V bus structure, the main board usually has a wide range of input voltage of 36V-58V, bus voltage drop is no longer a problem, and battery BBU can be directly connected to 48V bus, without DC/DC voltage regulator circuit, so it is very easy to adopt 48V bus structure voltage allowable range.

SOROTEC SHW48500 48VDC Solar BTS Power System

1.Adopt advanced MCU microprocessor control technology.
2.Advanced MPPT Technology.High converting efficiency higher than 97% for minimizing energy loss.
3.Reversed current protection at night.over voltage and reverse polarity protection.
4.Capable of selection different charging mode fo various types of batteries.
5.Protection degree:IP55.
6.Industy-leading power density compact size and high reliability.
7.Doorframe designed with waterproof structure, posted on the seal and equipped with waterproof lock on the door double insulation design.
8.Cabine adopt quality galvanized sheet or aluminum coated steel sheet as material, surface coating anti-UV power.
9.Suitable for outdoor installation.
10.With remote monitoring system aperation.

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The solar energy control system consists of solar panels, batteries, controllers and loads.

Solar controller is a device used to control photovoltaic panels to charge batteries and provide load controlled voltage for voltage sensitive devices. It regulates and controls the charging and discharging conditions of the battery, and controls the output of the solar cell module and the battery to the load according to the power demand of the load. It is the core control part of the whole solar power supply system. It is specially designed for the power supply system of telecom communication or monitoring equipment in remote areas. The charge control and load control voltage of the controller are fully adjustable, and the battery voltage, load voltage, solar array voltage, charge current and load current can be displayed.

Almost all solar power systems powered by batteries need a solar charge and discharge controller. The function of the solar charge and discharge controller is to regulate the power from the solar panel to the battery. Battery overshoot, at least significantly reduces battery life, and at worst damages the battery until it fails to function properly.

Solar controller adopts high-speed CPU microprocessor and high-precision A/D analog-to-digital converter. It is a microcomputer data acquisition and monitoring control system. It can not only collect the current working status of PV system in real time, get the working information of PV station at any time, but also accumulate the historical data of PV station in detail, which provides an accurate and sufficient basis for evaluating the rationality of PV system design and testing the reliability of system components. In addition, the solar controller also has the function of serial communication and data transmission, which can centralize the management and remote control of multiple photovoltaic system sub-stations. The solar controller usually has 6 nominal voltage levels: 12V, 24V, 48V, 110V, 220V and 600V. At present, the controller is developing towards multi-function. There is a tendency to integrate traditional control parts, inverters and monitoring systems.

SOROTEC MPPT Solar Charge Controller 12V 24V 48V 60A 3200W

1. Intelligent maximum power point tracking technology increases efficiency 25%~30%
2. Compatible for PV systems in 12v, 24v or 48v
3. Three-stage charging optimizes battery performance
4. Maximum charging current up to 60a
5. Maximum efficiency up to 98%
6. Battery temperature sensor (BTS) automatically provides temperature compensation
7. Support wide range of lead-acid batteries including wet, AGM, and gel batteries
8. Multi-function LCD displays detailed information

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The surface oxidation of the integrated outdoor cabinet needs to be treated in time. When making the sheet metal cabinet, the thickness of the metal must be higher than that of the processed products. However, because metal materials are produced in large quantities by manufacturers, it is inevitable that they will encounter oxidized materials. For such materials, how should we deal with it?

Oxidation is a common problem, especially for industrial equipment. Paint spraying or electroplating are usually used for antioxidant treatment on equipment, but oxidation can not be avoided in an all-round way. Because the sheet metal cabinet is made of different materials. Therefore, we need to pay attention to the selection of materials, especially whether metal materials are overoxidized, if this is the case, we can not choose this plate processing.

Firstly, the limited stainless steel is heated by shearing, edge binding, welding or artificial roasting, which results in black oxide skin. In the past, people usually used nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid to remove the oxidized skin, but this method is harmful, especially to human body and the environment. Its corrosion is relatively large, and the cost is high. Now it has been eliminated by sheet metal processing.

Now there is a better way to handle the surface oxidation of the metal cabinet. One is the sandblasting method, which uses the method of spraying tiny glass beads. Another method is to soak and wash with non-polluting acid pickling passivating paste and cleaning liquid with non-toxic inorganic additives at room temperature. If the surface of integrated cabinet always adheres to a layer of black oxide, it is easy to leave a bad impression on customers. In order to avoid this situation, we must have a good solution in dealing with oxidation.

SOROTEC IP55 Protection Outdoor Telecom Cabinet

■.Highly integrated outdoor electrical enclosure with strong housing ability, can be used as equipment cabinet, battery cabinet or integrated cabinet
■.Well environmental adaptability with IP55 class protection and full ranges of temperature control system
■.Precise and separate temperature control reduces energy cost
■.Multi-layer panel structure makes less heat absorbance and saves energy
■.Anti-theft design and earthquake protection tests ensure outdoor electrical enclosure and equipments safety
■. Well environmental adaptability with IP55 class protection
■.Support delivery in whole or in parts with no limits to installation scenario

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VRLA batteries are commonly used in three-phase sources of UPS systems. Because of its weight and size, data centers need to have an enhanced load bearing structure. The performance characteristics of VRLA batteries will also be affected by temperature, thus increasing the load of the air conditioning system. VRLA batteries are not particularly durable and need to be replaced at regular intervals, which also results in an increase in operating costs.

Because VRLA batteries are not economically viable alternatives, design engineers must tolerate their shortcomings. However, the situation of lithium batteries has changed in recent years. The first uninterrupted power supply system powered by lithium batteries was launched in 2016. Lithium batteries are now used in all major factories, and this direction has been recognized as the most promising choice. As of 2025, the lithium battery solution will account for 40% of the UPS market in the data center.

When the capacity of lithium-cobalt batteries reaches several amperes, these UPS systems are equipped with rectangular lithium-manganese batteries.Its installation capacity is 60 amps, and has a longer service life and a variety of fault protection. Sometimes individual modules, even individual batteries, are responsible for monitoring important performance parameters, such as temperature, voltage and current. Sometimes the power cabinet or even the whole system can be responsible for the monitoring process. Monitoring must be implemented to fully control the charging and discharging process and avoid critical heating and irreversible chemical procedures. Lithium batteries also have higher energy density (Wh/kg) and higher output power density (W/kg). With energy storage capacity similar to lead-acid batteries and less than a third of the weight of lead-acid batteries, this advantage helps to reduce the total mass of the system to 60-80%.

In recent years, due to space constraints and the need for more efficient operation, data centers have focused on increasing their power density.
More efficient available space is one of the most important tasks of data center owners. The small size lithium battery can reduce the occupancy space in the uninterrupted power supply system to 50-80%. Such batteries have less charging time and better self-discharge rate, which can play an important role when frequent interruptions occur. When it is idle, the lithium battery loses about 1-2% of electricity per month. The most important advantage is its long service life. The life of lead-acid batteries is very short, only 3 to 6 years. On the other hand, lithium batteries can last for about 10 years. According to different chemistry, technology and temperature, the charging efficiency of lithium batteries can reach 5,000 life cycles without maintenance, while the average charging efficiency of lead-acid batteries is only 700 life cycles.

The overall cost of ownership of lithium batteries is 10 years (the average life of UPS in data centers), compared with 39% less lead-acid batteries. Although this is an optimistic estimate, it can at least guarantee a savings of 10%. The only serious disadvantage of lithium batteries is that the initial investment is obviously higher. The more important purpose of this facility is to reduce the overall cost of ownership rather than short-term profits, even in this case the cumulative cost savings are considerable. In addition, the advantages of small batteries can make more efficient use of available space, while reliable monitoring system can also ensure better safety and stable performance. Lithium batteries can operate at higher temperatures than VRLA, without loss of capacity, and can reduce the load of cooling system. Of course, there are even single-phase UPS equipped with lithium batteries. Various application models start with the largest data center, followed by industrial applications, and end with small server rooms or even individual racks.

The most important question that all customers will eventually ask themselves is: Is it the right time to upgrade UPS to lithium batteries? To answer this question, the first thing to consider is the availability of technical capacity. New batteries are not suitable for all UPS models, so major hardware and embedded software upgrades may be required. Even under the same nominal voltage, the characteristics of battery charging and discharging are different.

In data centers, the life expectancy of a general UPS system is usually 10-15 years. Lead acid batteries can be used for 3-6 years, while lithium batteries can last for 10 years or even longer. In the initial stage of UPS system (less than 5 years), a large number of lead-acid batteries can be proved to be practical. However, after changing to lithium battery, it is very likely that the lithium battery can still be used at the end of the life of the UPS system. If your uninterruptible power supply system is near mid-life, the battery life may be longer, so in most cases replacing the battery is meaningless. At the end of its service life, you should consider replacing your entire UPS system with a new lithium battery solution. However, even for the old UPS system, the installation of expensive batteries is still very convenient. You should consider the declining price and the ratio of maintenance cost to replacement cost.

MPS9335C 10-300KVA High Frequency Online Modular Type UPS

1.Superior energy saving and environment-friendly:
Efficiency > 96% at 50%-75% rated load, and > 95% at 25% rated load; Input PF > 0.99,input THDi<3%.
2. Superior capability of powering load:
Output PF is 0.9 or 1, no need of power deration with load of leading or lagging PF.
3. Easy-to-install:
Top or bottom cabling, no need of input cabling cabinet.
4. Easy-to-maintain:
Full front access, UPS, failed part can be replaced shortly.
5. Easy-to-modify:
The number of battery cells can be configured flexibly, so the original batteries can be used when modifying the legacy system; moreover, the battery cell can be replaced in time when it fails
without interrupting the normal operation of UPS.
6.6-inch extra large LCD that can display 12 language (Chinese ,English ,Russian, French ,Spanlish and so on).
7.Provide large LCD touch screen (optional).
8.Each UPS modules provide 4.5KW charge capacity. equivalent to 10 to 12A.
9.On-Line Double Conversion, fully isolating the influences of power grid pollution and power failure from utility power supply and diesel generator to load.
10. Advanced DSP full digital control technologies realize higher system stability, online capacity expansion and maintenance.
11.Advanced distributed active parallel technology realizes parallel operation of 4 UPS units and online capacity expansion without centralized bypass cabinet.
12.Digital load sharing technology features extra low cross current and extreme high system reliability in parallel operation.
13.Adaptive to severe power grid environment due to extra wide input voltage and frequency ranges.
14.Extra strong capability to withstand output overload and short circuit, ensuring the system stability and system safety at limit conditions.
15 Intelligent battery management maintains battery automatically to prolong the battery life.
16. Efficient heat dissipation and effective protection under severe environment due to its independent layer-sealed ventilation channel and redundant fan design, as well as the paint-protected
circuit boards and built-in dust filter.
17.Applicable voltage south America.

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