The surface oxidation of the integrated outdoor cabinet needs to be treated in time. When making the sheet metal cabinet, the thickness of the metal must be higher than that of the processed products. However, because metal materials are produced in large quantities by manufacturers, it is inevitable that they will encounter oxidized materials. For such materials, how should we deal with it?
Oxidation is a common problem, especially for industrial equipment. Paint spraying or electroplating are usually used for antioxidant treatment on equipment, but oxidation can not be avoided in an all-round way. Because the sheet metal cabinet is made of different materials. Therefore, we need to pay attention to the selection of materials, especially whether metal materials are overoxidized, if this is the case, we can not choose this plate processing.
Firstly, the limited stainless steel is heated by shearing, edge binding, welding or artificial roasting, which results in black oxide skin. In the past, people usually used nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid to remove the oxidized skin, but this method is harmful, especially to human body and the environment. Its corrosion is relatively large, and the cost is high. Now it has been eliminated by sheet metal processing.
Now there is a better way to handle the surface oxidation of the metal cabinet. One is the sandblasting method, which uses the method of spraying tiny glass beads. Another method is to soak and wash with non-polluting acid pickling passivating paste and cleaning liquid with non-toxic inorganic additives at room temperature. If the surface of integrated cabinet always adheres to a layer of black oxide, it is easy to leave a bad impression on customers. In order to avoid this situation, we must have a good solution in dealing with oxidation.
■.Highly integrated outdoor electrical enclosure with strong housing ability, can be used as equipment cabinet, battery cabinet or integrated cabinet ■.Well environmental adaptability with IP55 class protection and full ranges of temperature control system ■.Precise and separate temperature control reduces energy cost ■.Multi-layer panel structure makes less heat absorbance and saves energy ■.Anti-theft design and earthquake protection tests ensure outdoor electrical enclosure and equipments safety ■. Well environmental adaptability with IP55 class protection ■.Support delivery in whole or in parts with no limits to installation scenario
VRLA batteries are commonly used in three-phase sources of UPS systems. Because of its weight and size, data centers need to have an enhanced load bearing structure. The performance characteristics of VRLA batteries will also be affected by temperature, thus increasing the load of the air conditioning system. VRLA batteries are not particularly durable and need to be replaced at regular intervals, which also results in an increase in operating costs.
Because VRLA batteries are not economically viable alternatives, design engineers must tolerate their shortcomings. However, the situation of lithium batteries has changed in recent years. The first uninterrupted power supply system powered by lithium batteries was launched in 2016. Lithium batteries are now used in all major factories, and this direction has been recognized as the most promising choice. As of 2025, the lithium battery solution will account for 40% of the UPS market in the data center.
When the capacity of lithium-cobalt batteries reaches several amperes, these UPS systems are equipped with rectangular lithium-manganese batteries.Its installation capacity is 60 amps, and has a longer service life and a variety of fault protection. Sometimes individual modules, even individual batteries, are responsible for monitoring important performance parameters, such as temperature, voltage and current. Sometimes the power cabinet or even the whole system can be responsible for the monitoring process. Monitoring must be implemented to fully control the charging and discharging process and avoid critical heating and irreversible chemical procedures. Lithium batteries also have higher energy density (Wh/kg) and higher output power density (W/kg). With energy storage capacity similar to lead-acid batteries and less than a third of the weight of lead-acid batteries, this advantage helps to reduce the total mass of the system to 60-80%.
In recent years, due to space constraints and the need for more efficient operation, data centers have focused on increasing their power density. More efficient available space is one of the most important tasks of data center owners. The small size lithium battery can reduce the occupancy space in the uninterrupted power supply system to 50-80%. Such batteries have less charging time and better self-discharge rate, which can play an important role when frequent interruptions occur. When it is idle, the lithium battery loses about 1-2% of electricity per month. The most important advantage is its long service life. The life of lead-acid batteries is very short, only 3 to 6 years. On the other hand, lithium batteries can last for about 10 years. According to different chemistry, technology and temperature, the charging efficiency of lithium batteries can reach 5,000 life cycles without maintenance, while the average charging efficiency of lead-acid batteries is only 700 life cycles.
The overall cost of ownership of lithium batteries is 10 years (the average life of UPS in data centers), compared with 39% less lead-acid batteries. Although this is an optimistic estimate, it can at least guarantee a savings of 10%. The only serious disadvantage of lithium batteries is that the initial investment is obviously higher. The more important purpose of this facility is to reduce the overall cost of ownership rather than short-term profits, even in this case the cumulative cost savings are considerable. In addition, the advantages of small batteries can make more efficient use of available space, while reliable monitoring system can also ensure better safety and stable performance. Lithium batteries can operate at higher temperatures than VRLA, without loss of capacity, and can reduce the load of cooling system. Of course, there are even single-phase UPS equipped with lithium batteries. Various application models start with the largest data center, followed by industrial applications, and end with small server rooms or even individual racks.
The most important question that all customers will eventually ask themselves is: Is it the right time to upgrade UPS to lithium batteries? To answer this question, the first thing to consider is the availability of technical capacity. New batteries are not suitable for all UPS models, so major hardware and embedded software upgrades may be required. Even under the same nominal voltage, the characteristics of battery charging and discharging are different.
In data centers, the life expectancy of a general UPS system is usually 10-15 years. Lead acid batteries can be used for 3-6 years, while lithium batteries can last for 10 years or even longer. In the initial stage of UPS system (less than 5 years), a large number of lead-acid batteries can be proved to be practical. However, after changing to lithium battery, it is very likely that the lithium battery can still be used at the end of the life of the UPS system. If your uninterruptible power supply system is near mid-life, the battery life may be longer, so in most cases replacing the battery is meaningless. At the end of its service life, you should consider replacing your entire UPS system with a new lithium battery solution. However, even for the old UPS system, the installation of expensive batteries is still very convenient. You should consider the declining price and the ratio of maintenance cost to replacement cost.
1.Superior energy saving and environment-friendly: Efficiency > 96% at 50%-75% rated load, and > 95% at 25% rated load; Input PF > 0.99,input THDi<3%. 2. Superior capability of powering load: Output PF is 0.9 or 1, no need of power deration with load of leading or lagging PF. 3. Easy-to-install: Top or bottom cabling, no need of input cabling cabinet. 4. Easy-to-maintain: Full front access, UPS, failed part can be replaced shortly. 5. Easy-to-modify: The number of battery cells can be configured flexibly, so the original batteries can be used when modifying the legacy system; moreover, the battery cell can be replaced in time when it fails without interrupting the normal operation of UPS. 6.6-inch extra large LCD that can display 12 language (Chinese ,English ,Russian, French ,Spanlish and so on). 7.Provide large LCD touch screen (optional). 8.Each UPS modules provide 4.5KW charge capacity. equivalent to 10 to 12A. 9.On-Line Double Conversion, fully isolating the influences of power grid pollution and power failure from utility power supply and diesel generator to load. 10. Advanced DSP full digital control technologies realize higher system stability, online capacity expansion and maintenance. 11.Advanced distributed active parallel technology realizes parallel operation of 4 UPS units and online capacity expansion without centralized bypass cabinet. 12.Digital load sharing technology features extra low cross current and extreme high system reliability in parallel operation. 13.Adaptive to severe power grid environment due to extra wide input voltage and frequency ranges. 14.Extra strong capability to withstand output overload and short circuit, ensuring the system stability and system safety at limit conditions. 15 Intelligent battery management maintains battery automatically to prolong the battery life. 16. Efficient heat dissipation and effective protection under severe environment due to its independent layer-sealed ventilation channel and redundant fan design, as well as the paint-protected circuit boards and built-in dust filter. 17.Applicable voltage south America.
At present, there are many types of inverters on the market. In order to simplify the management and explore the advantages of centralized purchasing, many EPC manufacturers often use limited types of inverters to design as many cases as possible, which will inevitably involve the use of inverter capacity reduction. Small scale capacity reduction is not a big problem. However, the use of large-scale capacity reduction, not only will cause a waste of inverter costs, but also can not get the desired power generation.
1.Waste of resources For a simple example, the original 10kW inverter used to carry 6kW photovoltaic components, equivalent to the inverter used only 60% of the workload, time will inevitably lead to waste of resources, not conducive to the LCOE optimization. Of course, the small case is good, if it is a MW large case, waste can not be ignored. 2.Shorten the string length and reduce overall power generation.
(a)Not conducive to string optimization design For some power level inverter, the number of DC input terminals is closely related to the rated power of MPPT module. If the power of 10 kW MPPT module is reduced to 6 kW, the length of the module string will be reduced to 60%, while the open circuit and working voltage of the series will be reduced to 60%. Obviously, this is not the optimal design.
(b)Not conducive to efficient inverter operation As mentioned above, with the series open circuit and working voltage reduced to 60% of the original, the use of reduced capacity will have a significant impact on the operation behavior of the inverter.
Influence on Start-up and Shut-down Time of Inverter: After the voltage in series is reduced, the start-up time in the morning is delayed, the shut-down time in the evening is advanced, the daily power generation time is shortened, and the power generation capacity is reduced.
The influence on the working mode of inverter: the series inverter consists of two power conversion units, the former DC / DC realizes MPPT function and the latter DC / AC realizes inverter function. The former DC / DC is implemented by boost topology. Its working time is determined by the input voltage of the series. It works when the input voltage is lower than the set value, and stops when the input voltage is higher than the set value. With the decrease of series voltage, the working time of DC / DC module increases, and the average conversion efficiency of inverter decreases, resulting in the reduction of overall power generation.
It can be seen that the use of inverter capacity reduction is achieved at the cost of shortening the string length and reducing the input voltage. Its advantage is to reduce the use of inverter model, while the inverter long-term operation in light-load state, its life will be extended to a certain extent; The disadvantage is that the use of capacity reduction will not only waste the inverter resources, but also is not conducive to the inverter more efficient work, resulting in a reduction in overall power generation.
1. PV and utility power take the load at same time ( can setting ). 2. Output power factor PF=1.0 3. On/Off grid with energy storage. 4. AC charging and AC output time setting. 5. Charging voltage and charging current timing. 6. External Wi-Fi device optional. 7. Connected with battery optional. 8. Wide PV input range 120-450VDC. 9. MAX PV Array Power 4500W.
The cost mainly considers the difference between the four parts. We compare the whole power system. The first is the power plug-in box, because 48V DC power supply in the telecommunications industry, large-scale application, low cost, single watt cost is much lower than the 12V server power price. Moreover, there is no calculation of the total cost difference caused by the need for multiple power plug-ins in the 12V architecture, while the 48V architecture only needs a single plug-in box. Secondly, the battery BBU, as mentioned earlier, the 12V BBU structure of the battery is often required to regulate DC / DC power supply, and the 48V structure is not required to configure, this part of the battery BBU using 48V structure is also very advantageous; Secondly, the bus bar and other transmission and distribution, because the 48V structure greatly reduces the size and number of copper bars, and only a single plug-in frame, this part of the 48V structure also has a great cost advantage; Finally, the comparison of VRM power supply on the motherboard, using 48V architecture, the server motherboard using a large number of applications of BMP board power supply to the CPU and other power supply, the cost is not high. The 12V architecture also requires multiple VRM power supply to CPU, which has little difference. Therefore, from the previous comparison, the 48V architecture has great advantages.
1.Hot Swappable Easy to Maintance 2.Smart Monitor Control System 3.Various Human-computer Interface 4.Protection Degree: IP55 5.Adopt advanced MCU microprocessor control technology. 6.Advanced MPPT Technology, High converting efficiency higher than 97% for minimizing energy loss. 7.Reversed current protection at night, over voltage and reverse polarity protection. 8.Capable of selecting different charging mode for various types of batteries. 9.Protection degree:IP55. 10.Industy-leading power density compact size and high reliability. 11.Doorframe designed with waterproof structure, posted on the seal and equipped with waterproof lock on the door double insulation design. 12.Cabine adopt quality galvanized sheet or aluminum coated steel sheet as material, surface coating anti-UV power. 13.Suitable for outdoor installation.
The basic principle of pulse width modulation (PWM): The control method is to control the on and off of the switching device of the inverter circuit, so that the output end can get a series of pulses with equal amplitude, and use these pulses to replace the sine wave or the required waveform. That is to say, a plurality of pulses are generated in the half period of the output waveform, so that the equivalent voltage of each pulse is sinusoidal waveform, and the output is smooth and the low-order harmonics are few. By adjusting the width of each pulse according to certain rules, the output voltage and frequency of the inverter circuit can be changed.
For example, by dividing the sinusoidal half-wave waveform into N equal parts, the sinusoidal half-wave can be regarded as a waveform composed of N pulses connected to each other. The pulse widths are equal to ∏/n, but the amplitudes are different, and the top of the pulse is not a horizontal line, but a curve. The amplitudes of each pulse change according to the sinusoidal law. If the above pulse sequence is replaced by the same number of equal amplitude and unequal width rectangular pulse sequence, the midpoint of the rectangular pulse and the corresponding sinusoidal equivalence midpoint coincide, and the rectangular pulse and the corresponding sinusoidal part area (impulse) is equal, a set of pulse sequence is obtained, which is called PWM waveform. It can be seen that the pulse width varies according to the sine rule. According to the same impulse equivalent effect, the PWM waveform and the sine half wave are equivalent. For sine negative half cycle, PWM waveform can also be obtained in the same way.
In the PWM waveform, the amplitude of each pulse is equal. To change the amplitude of the equivalent output sine wave, only the width of each pulse can be changed according to the same proportion coefficient. Therefore, in the AC-DC-AC inverter, the output pulse voltage of the PWM inverter circuit is the amplitude of the DC voltage.
According to the above principle, the width and interval of each pulse in PWM waveform can be calculated accurately after the sine frequency, amplitude and the number of pulses in half period are given. According to the result of calculation, the PWM waveform can be obtained by controlling the on-off of all switching devices in the circuit.
